Objective Assistive technology is an effective tool for enhancing the participation and activity of individuals with disabilities. A key factor in the successful prescription and use of this technology is the alignment between users’ needs and preferences and the features of the assistive technology. The assistive technology device predisposition assessment tool, based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), simultaneously evaluates the individual, environment, and assistive technology. Accordingly, this study determines the psychometric properties of the Persian version of this tool among Persian-speaking clients of welfare centers in Ardabil Province, Iran.  Materials & Methods This was a methodological study conducted in two phases. The first phase was the translation and adaptation of the tool into Persian. Initially, the English version of the tool was translated by experts in the English language and rehabilitation, with permission from the designer. Two other specialists then back-translated the translation into English. The second phase was the psychometric evaluation of the tool. The tool included 66 items across four domains (function, activity and participation, psychological-social characteristics, and device form). Content and face validity were assessed using feedback from rehabilitation and health specialists as well as individuals with disabilities, and the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated. The tool was completed by 330 adults with disabilities who were using assistive technology, selected through a quota sampling method. Construct validity was evaluated via factor analysis, internal consistency was assessed using the Cronbach α method, and test-retest reliability was calculated using intra-class correlation. Results The tool was finalized without significant modifications by translators after the process of translating from Persian to English and ensuring cultural adaptation. The content validity of the tool was confirmed with a CVI of 0.95 and a CVR of 0.94. The internal consistency of the questions in the activity and participation sections, as well as the device form, was found to be satisfactory, with the Cronbach α ranging from 0.807 to 0.822. Test-retest reliability across all items was reported to be >0.9. The study was conducted with the participation of 330 individuals, 57.8% of whom were male. Conclusion The Persian version of the assistive technology device prerequisite assessment tool is valid and reliable. It can be used to evaluate the alignment between individual needs and assistive technology, as well as to assess the outcomes of rehabilitation services for Persian-speaking adults with disabilities.

Objective: It is believed that fingerprints and palm patterns may represent genetically determined congenital abnormalities in Cystic Fibrosis (CF). The main idea of this paper was to determine differences of fingerprints and palm patterns in CF and normal children.Methods: Forty-six CF children (27 males, 19 females) and 341 (113 males, 228 females) healthy individuals were recruited for this study. Fingerprint patterns, Total ridge count (TRC) of each finger, a-b ridge count, and ATD ANGLEs of all participants were recorded. Asymmetry of the right and left hand for each value was determined and dissimilarity in fingerprint patterns between homologous fingers was compared using Chi-square analysis, Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test.Findings: There were significant differences in the mean TRC of the right digit IV (P=0.009), left digit III (P=0.02), left digit IV (P=0.03), and left digit V (P=0.03). Furthermore, we found significant differences in right ATD angel (P=0.001), left ATD angel (P=0.002), right a-b ridge (P=0.007) and left a-b ridge (P=0.001). In contrast, we found no significant differences in ATD ANGLE asymmetry, a-b ridge count asymmetry and pattern dissimilarity score between both groups (P>0.05).Conclusion: Dermatoglyphic characteristics could be used as a supplementary diagnostic method in CF children.

Various dermatoglyphic parameters like finger print pattern, ATD ANGLE, absolute ridge count & ab, bc, cd, and ad ridge counts were observed in 150 cases of congenital cardiac disease, comprising of 72 cases of Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD), 60 cases of Atrial Septal Defects (ASD), 9 cases of Coarctation of Aorta (COA) & 9 cases of Tetralogy of Fallot’s (TOF). Same dermatoglyphic parameters were also studied in 300 controls and statistical comparison of cases and controls was done. In our study it was observed that the congenital cardiac disease cases exhibited preponderance of whorls (55.8%) with decrease in loop pattern (36.2%) as compared to those of controls and the difference was highly significant (P<0.001). The difference in the mean total finger ridge count (TFRC) of the controls and of the cases of Congenital Cardiac Diseases (CCD) was found to be highly significant (P<0.001), while the mean ATD ANGLE in the cases of Congenital Cardiac Disease (CCD) was widen up and was statistically significant too. The mean ab, the mean bc ridge, the mean cd ridge and the mean ad ridge counts were also higher in the various type of CCD as compared to that controls and on statistical comparison, the difference was found to be highly significant.

Purpose: To provide a comprehensive and precise research for population studies on the association of dermatoglyphic patterns on cleft lip/palate deficitsMaterials and Methods: This was a case-control observational study that conducted in North Khorasan on 1386. Using a simple random sampling individuals with cleft/lip palate were allocated to case group and their matched health cases were considered as control. Palm and finger prints were done in the sample. In addition a-b, b-c and c-d counts, ATD angel measurement and dermatoglyphics patterns of finger tips of both hands were made and the differences were compared between two groups. Palm prints were studied by an expert for quantitive and qualative characters and Statistical analysis was performed using by SPSS software.Results: Our findings showed that the group and sex did not affect the mean of a-b, b-c, c-d counts and mean of ATD ANGLE of right and left hands.The mean of a-b in females and males of both groups were similar (38.63 and 38.89 respectively). There were no significant differences between TABRC of males and females and right or left hands in both groups. The c-d count and ATD ANGLE of right hand was more than the left. The most frequent finger pattern in both hands was loop in both groups. There were no significant differences between two groups regarding the pattern of finger tips of both hands.Conclusion: In contrast of several studies that indicate there are special dermatoglyphic patterns in patients with cleft lip/palate, this study did not find any statistical differences between two groups regarding palm count and finger tips patterns of both hands. Since several environmental and hereditary factors would affect on the disease occurance, there is need to larger studies among different populations.

Purpose: To quantitatively analyze central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with primary ANGLE closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open‑ANGLE glaucoma (POAG), and to evaluate its correlation with severity of glaucoma.Methods: In this retrospective study, records of patients with previously diagnosed POAG or PACG at a tertiary glaucoma service were reviewed. CCT was measured by ultrasound pachymetry. Mean deviation (MD) on visual field (VF) testing was recorded for glaucoma severity determination. CCT and age‑ and sex‑adjusted CCT were compared among the study groups using Student’s t‑test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), respectively. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used for correlation of age, MD and CCT.Results: A total of 115 patients with PACG, 215 with POAG, and 100 normal controls were included with mean age of 64.1±10.4, 59.9±10.5, and 62.04±10.80 years, respectively. CCT was thicker in PACG eyes (545.5±46.1 mm) as compared to POAG eyes (531.7±37.3 mm) and controls (531.0±38.3 mm) even after age and gender adjustment (ANCOVA, P=0.05). CCT was found to decrease with increasing age only in the POAG group (b=-0.57, P=0.01). Disease severity (MD of VF) was significantly and inversely correlated with CCT in both POAG and PACG eyes (b=1.89, P=0.02; and b=1.38, P=0.04, respectively) after age and sex correction.Conclusion: PACG eyes had thicker CCT as compared to POAG and normal healthy eyes in Iranian subjects. Severity of the disease was inversely correlated with CCT in eyes with both POAG and PACG.

Objective and Importance: The authors reported a case of plasmocytoma involving the cerebellopontine ANGLE (CPA), which is a rare presenting location of intracranial extramedullary plasmocytoma. Clinical presentation: The patient was A 55-years-old woman who complained of vertigo and tinnitus for one year before. Admission, Neurological examination showed impairment of cerebellar tests. CT scan revealed a large mass lesion in the left CPA region. Intervention: The patient underwent a left retromastoid craniectomy and resection of the tumor. Histopathological studies of biopsy revealed plasmocytoma. Other studies including bone isotope scan and bone marrow aspiration did not show involvement of other parts of the body. Within 6 months of follow up there was No sign of progression of the tumor in CT scan. Conclusion: There are few reports of CPA solitary plasmocytoma. There is a potential risk for error in diagnosis in imaging and pathology. The current treatment is subtotal or radical resection combined whit radiotherapy.

Objective (s): The objective of this study was to document and explain bilateral differences in the Q ANGLE.Materials and Methods: Two hundred limbs of healthy adult Indian volunteers were studied. The Q ANGLE was measured using a goniometric method with the subjects supine, quadriceps relaxed and lower limbs in neutral rotation. The relative lateral placement of the tibial tuberosity with respect to the centre of the patella was measured. Appropriate statistical tests were used to determine the bilateral variability in the Q ANGLE and the lateral placement of the tibial tuberosity. Inter-observer variation of the above mentioned parameters were studied in twenty limbs.Results: The average Q ANGLE value of all the 200 limbs was 12.73oC; the mean value on the right was 12.86oC and 12.60oC on the left. When the Q ANGLE and the lateral placement of the tibial tuberosity were considered in pairs a significant difference was noted in males. The Q ANGLE value on the right side was more often greater than the left. The relative lateral placement of the tibial tuberosity showed a significant positive correlation with the Q ANGLE. The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.66 for the Q ANGLE and 0.8 for the lateral placement of the tibial tuberosity.Conclusion: The present study shows that bilateral variability in the Q ANGLE could be attributed to an alteration of the relative placement of the tibial tuberosity with respect to the centre of the patella.